【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforHeatedSystemSurfaceConditionsThatProduceContactBurnInjuries
【原文标准名称】:引起接触烧伤的加热系统表面调节的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMC1055-2003(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C16.30
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:burns;epidermalinjury;heat;injuries;skincontacttemperatures;thermalinsulation;Burnhazardpotential;Burningcharacteristics--thermalinsulation;Contactburninginjuries;Dermalexposure;Firstdegreeburn;Healthhazards;Heatedsurfaces;H
【摘要】:Mostheatedapparatusinindustrial,commercial,andresidentialserviceareinsulated,unlessthermalinsulationwouldinterferewiththeirfunction;forexample,itisinappropriatetoinsulatethebottomsurfaceofaflatiron.However,surfacetemperaturesofinsulatedequipmentandappliancesmaystillbehighenoughtocauseburnsfromcontactexposureundercertainconditions.Thisguidehasbeendevelopedtostandardizethedeterminationofacceptablesurfaceoperatingconditionsforheatedsystems.Currentpracticeforthisdeterminationiswidelyvaried.Theintentofthisguideistotietogethertheexistingpracticesintoaconsensusstandardbaseduponscientificunderstandingofthethermalphysicsinvolved.Flexibilityisretainedwithinthisguideforthedesigner,regulator,orconsumertoestablishspecificburnhazardcriteria.Mostgenerally,theregulatedcriterionwillbethelengthoftimeofcontactexposure.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisguidetoestablishappropriatecontacttimesandacceptablelevelsofinjuryforparticularsituations,ordeterminewhatsurfacetemperatureisx201C;safe.x201D;Clearly,quitedifferentcriteriamaybejustifiedforcasesasdiverseasthoseinvolvinginfantsanddomesticappliances,andexperiencedadultsandindustrialequipment.Inthefirstcase,nomorethanfirstdegreeburnsin60smightbedesirable.Inthesecondcase,seconddegreeburnsin5smightbeacceptable.Note28212;AnoverviewofthemedicalresearchleadingtothedevelopmentofthisguidewaspresentedattheASTMConferenceonThermalInsulation,MaterialsandSystemsonDec.7,1984(14).Thisguideismeanttoserveonlyasanestimationoftheexposuretowhichanaverageindividualmightbesubjected.Unusualconditionsofexposure,physicalhealthvariations,ornonstandardambientsallservetomodifytheresults.Thisguideislimitedtocontactexposuretoheatedsurfacesonly.Itshouldbenotedthatconditionsofpersonalexposuretoperiodsofhighambienttemperatureorhighradiantfluxesmaycausehumaninjurywithnodirectcontact.Thisguideisnotintendedtocoverhazardsforcoldtemperatureexposure,thatis,refrigerationorcryogenicapplications.Theprocedurefoundinthisguidehasbeendescribedintheliteratureasapplicabletoallheatedsurfaces.Forextremelyhigh-temperaturemetallicsurfaces(>70x00B0;C),damageoccursalmostinstantaneouslyuponcontact.1.1Thisguidecoversaprocessforthedeterminationofacceptablesurfaceoperatingconditionsforheatedsystems.Thehumanburnhazardisdefined,andmethodsarepresentedforuseinthedesignorevaluationofheatedsystemstopreventseriousinjuryfromcontactwiththeexposedsurfaces.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.3Themaximumacceptabletemperatureforaparticularsurfaceisderivedfromanestimateofthepossibleorprobablecontacttime,thesurfacesystemconfiguration,andthelevelofinjurydeemedacceptableforaparticularsituation.1.4Fordesignpurposes,theprobablecontacttimeforindustrialsituationshasbeenestablishedat5s.Forconsumerproducts,alonger(60-s)contacttimehasbeenproposedbyWu(1)andotherstoreflecttheslowerreactiontimesforchildren,theelderly,ortheinfirm.1.5Themaximumlevelofinjuryrecommendedhereisthatcausingfirstdegreeburnsontheaveragesubject.Thistypeofinjuryisreve......
【中国标准分类号】:C71
【国际标准分类号】:97_100_01
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语